The low back, also called lumber region, is the area of the back that starts below the rib cage. Pain in the low back can be as result of conditions affecting lumber spine, intervertebral disc (disc between the vertebrae), ligaments around the spine and discs, spinal cord and nerves, muscles of low back, internal organs of the pelvis and abdomen and skin covering the lumber area.
According to the European Guidelines for prevention of low back, low back pain is defined as “Pain and discomfort, localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain” S.Kinkade says that “pain that occurs posteriorly in the region between the lower rib margin and the proximal thighs”. The most common form of low back pain can be described as non-specific in nature. Non-specific low back pain implies that there is no specific anatomical dysfunction that can attribute to pain presentation.

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